The system by which air conditioners provide cooling is called the Refrigerant Cycle. This system has four major components common to all air-conditioning systems. These components and their basic functions are listed below.
1. Compressor
Refrigerant is drawn from the evaporator and pumped to the condenser by the compressor. The compressor also pressurizes the refrigerant vapor so that it will change state (condense) readily.
2. Condenser
The high-pressure refrigerant vapor releases heat through the condenser coils as it condenses into liquid refrigerant. making it easier to vaporize.
3. Metering Device
(capillary tube, txv valve) The metering device restricts the flow of liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator. As refrigerant passes through the metering device, its pressure decreases.
4. Evaporator
The low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat as it vaporizes in the evaporator coils.
The process described above is the Refrigerant System or Refrigerant Cycle. It is the system on which virtually all modern Air-Conditioning and refrigeration is based.
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