An axial fan is a type of mechanical fan. Its name describes the direction that fluids flow through it.
These designs will be familiar to most people as box fans, computer case fans, window fans and many other types. These fans create airflow that runs parallels to the rotating shaft on the fan. They are highly controllable, and not only the speed of the fan but the direction of the flow can be precisely directed. They are heavily used in industry and the size range available is significant. They range from very small fans, some of which are designed so that a person can hold them in their hand for personal cooling, to enormous fans used in industrial facilities and for scientific purposes.
Axial fans have several advantages that make them desirable compared to other options, such as centrifugal fans, for certain applications. For the amount of fluid they move, for instance, they are very quiet. A centrifugal fan may actually provide better cooling in a computer case, for example, but the increased noise would likely outweigh any benefits. Axial fans can also be added to cases with minimal modifications, while other options—including water-cooling systems—are bulky and expensive.
This combination of good performance, long lifespan and affordability makes axial fans very common in many areas of life. Households commonly have more than one, as they provide an excellent solution to heating and cooling needs, allowing refrigerated, evaporative cooled or heated air to be directed around a house for temperature management. They also allow air from windows and air inside the house to be moved without being cooled or heated, providing an economical alternative to air conditioning in hot areas.
Axial fans are used heavily in industry, where very large floor fans, duct fans or exhaust fans may be largely responsible for maintaining the interior air quality of a facility. This makes them vital equipment for factories, warehouses and other large spaces where air needs to be circulated. Some of the fans used in these applications are very large, designed to keep air flowing through extensive ducting systems or circulate a huge volume of air.
The electric motors that drive axial fans can be controlled easily, allowing higher and lower rpms to be selected, direction of flow to be changed and other variables to be changed, providing a significant degree of control.
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